Miller's Anesthesia, 2-Volume Set. 10° Edition - Content details

Content details: 

  • Instructions for online access
  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Founding Editor
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Video Contents
  • Section I. INTRODUCTION
  • 1. The Scope of Modern Anesthetic Practice
  • Introduction
  • Forces Impacting Anesthesia Practice (Fig. 1.1)
  • Research and the Future of the Science of Anesthesia Practice
  • Conclusions
  • 2. Anesthesia and Global Health Equity
  • Introduction
  • Section 1: Anesthesia and “Global Health Equity”
  • Section 2: Evolution of Anesthesia Care Models and Challenges Around the World
  • Section 3: Essentials for Practice in Resource-Variable Settings
  • Conclusions
  • Appendix 2.1. Links and Useful Resources
  • 3. Perioperative Medicine
  • Introduction
  • The Anesthesiologist and Perioperative Medicine
  • Perioperative Management
  • Models of Perioperative Care
  • Artificial Intelligence and Perioperative Medicine
  • Perioperative Precision Medicine
  • Conclusion
  • 4. Informatics in Perioperative Medicine
  • Introduction
  • Computer Systems
  • Computer Networks
  • The Internet
  • Information Security
  • Standards for Health Care Data Exchange
  • Regulation of Electronic Data Exchange
  • Requirements for Electronic Documentation
  • The Nature of Health Care Information in the Anesthesia Encounter
  • Development and Deployment of Anesthesia Information Management Systems
  • Requirements for Electronic Documentation of Anesthesia Care
  • Advantages of Implementation of Electronic Documentation in Anesthesia Care
  • Integration of Anesthesia Care Information with Operating Room Information Systems
  • Integration of Anesthesia Care Information with the Wider Health Record
  • Development of Decision Support Tools
  • Billing System Interactions
  • Challenges in Anesthesia Information Management System Implementation
  • Secondary Use of EHR Data
  • Operational Analytics
  • Analyzing Large Datasets
  • Interactions of Electronic Devices with the Delivery of Anesthesia Care
  • Conclusion
  • 5. Quality Improvement in Anesthesia Practice and Patient Safety
  • Introduction
  • What Is Quality?
  • Quality Improvement (QI)
  • Challenges and Barriers to Quality Improvement Projects
  • Related Concepts: Improvement Science and Implementation Science
  • The Future: Research, Education, and Ethics
  • Summary
  • 6. Human Behavior and Simulation in Anesthesia
  • Introduction
  • Human Factors
  • Heuristics, or Rules of Thumb
  • Strategies to Overcome Inherent Biases
  • High-Reliability Organizations
  • Simulation
  • Crisis Resource Management
  • 7. Ethical Aspects of Anesthesia Care
  • Introduction
  • Ethical Theory
  • Common Ethical Issues Confronting Anesthesiologists
  • Ethics of Anesthesia Involving Pregnant Patients
  • Truth Telling – Disclosure of Errors and Apology
  • Advance Directives and Surrogate Decision Makers
  • Research Ethics
  • Physician Participation in Executions
  • Moral Integrity – Can the Physician be a Conscientious Objector in Medicine?
  • Section II. Anesthetic Physiology
  • 8. Consciousness, Memory, and Anesthesia
  • Introduction
  • Consciousness
  • Memory
  • Organization and Function of Normal Memory
  • Effects of Anesthetic Drugs on Declarative Memory Function in Humans
  • Nonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Memory Processes and Behavior in the Medial Temporal Lobe
  • Human and Nonhuman Studies of Anesthetic Effects on Fear Memory Systems
  • Anesthetic Effects on Implicit Memory Function
  • 9. Sleep Medicine
  • Physiology of Normal Sleep
  • Neuroanatomy of Sleep
  • How to Assess Sleep
  • Sleep and Breathing
  • Sleep and Anesthesia: Two Unequal Twins Influencing Perioperative Medicine
  • Sleep and Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit
  • 10. Cerebral Physiology and the Effects of Anesthetic Drugs
  • Anatomy of the Cerebral Circulation
  • Effects of Anesthetics on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolic Rate
  • Other Effects of Anesthetics on Cerebral Physiology
  • Cerebral Physiology in Pathologic States
  • 11. Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology
  • Neuromuscular Transmission
  • Neuromuscular Junction
  • Drug Effects on Postjunctional Receptors
  • Biology of Prejunctional and Postjunctional Nicotinic ACh Receptors
  • Neuromuscular Junction at Extremes of Age
  • 12. Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology
  • Respiratory Physiology is Central in the Practice of Anesthesia
  • Ventilation
  • Diffusion of Gas
  • Lung Perfusion and V˙/Q˙ Match
  • Respiratory Gas Transport
  • Mechanics and Lung Volumes
  • Control of Breathing
  • Mechanisms of Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia
  • Lung Function Tests
  • Effect of Anesthesia on Respiratory Physiology
  • Mechanical Ventilation During Anesthesia
  • Postoperative Respiratory Complications
  • 13. Cardiac Physiology
  • Physiology of the Intact Heart
  • Cellular Cardiac Physiology
  • Control of Cardiac Function
  • 14. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Considerations
  • Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems
  • Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Physiology
  • Assessment of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems
  • Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems
  • Anesthetic Considerations of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems in Health and Disease
  • 15. Renal Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Evaluation of Function
  • Introduction
  • Organization of the Kidney
  • Induced Hypotension
  • 16. Basic Principles of Pharmacology
  • Introduction
  • Fundamental Pharmacokinetic Concepts
  • Pharmacokinetic Models
  • Special Issues in Anesthetic Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamic Principles
  • Special Populations
  • Summary
  • 17. Inhaled Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action
  • History
  • Integrated Effects on Central Nervous System Function
  • Identification of Molecular Sites of Anesthetic Action
  • Cellular Mechanisms
  • Simple Circuits and Complex Networks
  • Research Strategies for the Future
  • Summary
  • 18. Inhaled Anesthetic Uptake, Distribution, Metabolism, and Toxicity
  • Introduction
  • Uptake and Distribution of Inhaled Anesthetics
  • Synthesis of the Model and Inhaled Anesthetic Induction: PK/PD
  • Metabolism and Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics
  • 19. Pulmonary Pharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics
  • Introduction
  • Bronchomotor Tone
  • Mucociliary Function and Surfactant
  • Pulmonary Hemodynamics
  • Control of Respiration
  • Inhaled Anesthetics and Acute Lung Injury
  • Nonvolatile Inhaled Agents
  • Summary
  • 20. Inhaled Anesthetic Delivery Systems
  • Standards and Guidelines for Anesthesia Workstations
  • Functional Anatomy of the Anesthesia Workstation
  • Checking Your Anesthesia Workstation
  • 21. Intravenous Anesthetics
  • Introduction
  • Intravenous Anesthetic Agents
  • Summary
  • 22. Opioids
  • Introduction
  • Pharmacology of Opioids
  • Neurophysiologic Effects of Opioids
  • Respiratory Effects of Opioids
  • Cardiovascular Effects of Opioids
  • Endocrinologic Effects of Opioids and Stress Responses
  • Effects of Opioids on Digestive Organs
  • Other Opioid Effects
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Opioids
  • Anesthetic Techniques Using Opioids
  • Other Opioid Agonists
  • Agonist–Antagonist Opioid Compounds
  • Opioid Antagonists
  • Drug Interactions with Opioids
  • 23. Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems
  • Introduction
  • Pharmacokinetic Considerations
  • Pharmacodynamic Considerations
  • Designing Dosing Regimens
  • Intravenous Infusion Devices and Technologies
  • Future Perspectives
  • 24. Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs and Antagonists (Reversal Agents)
  • History and Clinical Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
  • Principles of Action of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs at the Neuromuscular Junction
  • Pharmacology of Succinylcholine
  • Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
  • Reversal (Antagonism) of Neuromuscular Block
  • Current Antagonism Practice
  • Drugs Used to Antagonize (Reverse) Neuromuscular Block
  • 25. Local Anesthetics
  • Basic Pharmacology
  • Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerve
  • Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics (Pharmacodynamics)
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Choice of Local Anesthetic for Various Regional Anesthetic Procedures
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Toxicity
  • Development of Prolonged-Duration and Sensory- or Nociceptive-Selective Local Anesthetics
  • Biologic Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Failure: Inflammation, Hyperalgesia, Tachyphylaxis, and Genetic Variants
  • 26. Immune Implications of Anesthesia Care and Practice
  • Introduction
  • The Premise
  • Historical Context
  • Experimental Approaches Taken
  • Literature Review
  • Refining the Questions27–30
  • Other Patient Factors Influencing the Immune System in Perioperative Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Precision Medicine Approaches
  • Current Limitations and Future Directions
  • Final Thoughts and Considerations
  • Section III. Anesthesia Management
  • 27. Risk of Anesthesia
  • Introduction
  • Framework of Perioperative Risk
  • Issues Related to Study Design
  • Risks Related to Patient Characteristics
  • Special Patient Groups
  • Risks Directly Related to the Anesthetic Drug
  • Risks Related to Surgery
  • Risks Related to the Location of Surgery and Postoperative Monitoring
  • Risks Related to the Anesthesia Provider
  • Improving Anesthesia Safety
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • 28. Preoperative Evaluation
  • Evolution of Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation
  • Goals and Benefits of Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation
  • Clinical Examination During Preoperative Evaluation
  • Frailty, Geriatric Conditions, and the Older Surgical Patient
  • Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Coexisting Disease
  • Preoperative Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies
  • Preoperative Risk Assessment
  • Preoperative Medication Management
  • Planning for Anesthesia
  • Regulatory Issues
  • Preoperative Evaluation Clinic
  • Conclusion
  • 29. Anesthetic Implications of Concurrent Diseases
  • Introduction
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Pulmonary Disease
  • Renal Disease
  • Hepatobiliary Disease
  • Neurologic and Neuromuscular
  • Endocrine and Metabolic
  • Rheumatic and Connective Tissue Diseases
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetic Diseases
  • Toxic Ingestions and Drug Abuse
  • Allergy and Anaphylaxis
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • 30. Patient Positioning and Associated Risks
  • Introduction
  • Physiologic Considerations of Positioning
  • General Positioning Considerations
  • Specific Positions
  • Peripheral Nerve Injury
  • Pressure Injuries
  • Bite Injuries
  • Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room
  • Perioperative Visual Loss (POVL)
  • Conclusion
  • Disclosure
  • 31. Neuromuscular Disorders and Other Genetic Disorders
  • Malignant Hyperthermia
  • Mh-Associated Syndromes/Pathological Conditions
  • Other Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Endocrine and Metabolic Myopathies
  • Mitochondrial Diseases and Mitochondrial Myopathies
  • Periodic Paralyses
  • Acquired Neuromuscular Diseases
  • Summary
  • 32. Cardiovascular Monitoring
  • Heart Rate and Pulse Rate Monitoring
  • Electrocardiography (ECG) Monitoring
  • Blood Pressure Monitoring
  • Central Venous Pressure Monitoring
  • Pulmonary Artery Catheter Monitoring
  • Cardiac Output Monitoring
  • 33. Perioperative Echocardiography and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
  • Introduction
  • History of Perioperative Echocardiography
  • Principles of Ultrasound
  • Ultrasound Modalities
  • Three-Dimensional Image Acquisition
  • Indications and Practice Guidelines
  • Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination
  • Epicardial and Epiaortic Imaging
  • Transthoracic Echocardiography Examination
  • Qualitative Assessment of the Heart
  • Quantitative Assessment
  • Hemodynamic Failure and Shock
  • Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography – Noncardiac Surgery
  • Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography – Cardiac Surgery
  • Intraprocedural Transesophageal Echocardiography – Structural Heart Interventions
  • Emerging Technologies
  • Perioperative Transthoracic Echocardiography and Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS)
  • Critical Care and Perioperative Care
  • Training and Certification
  • Future Directions
  • 34. Implantable Cardiac Pulse Generators: Pacemakers and Cardioverter-Defibrillators
  • Introduction
  • Basic Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Function
  • Perioperative Considerations
  • Conclusions
  • 35. Neurophysiologic Monitoring
  • Monitoring Modalities
  • Clinical Applications of Neurophysiologic Monitoring
  • Nonsurgical Factors Influencing Monitoring Results
  • Anesthetic Optimization During Multimodality Neurophysiologic Monitoring
  • Summary
  • 36. Monitoring the Brain’s Response to Anesthesia and Surgery
  • Why Should we Monitor the Brain During Anesthesia?
  • What Would we Like from an Ideal Monitor of Anesthetic Effect?
  • Consciousness Terminology
  • Clinical Signs in Anesthesia Monitoring
  • Electroencephalography
  • Epidemiology of Index-Based Monitoring
  • Clinical Outcome Research
  • Conclusions
  • 37. Respiratory Monitoring
  • Overview of Respiratory Monitoring
  • The Physical Examination
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation
  • Tissue Oxygenation
  • Capnometry and Capnography
  • Blood Gas Analysis
  • Monitoring Lung Flows, Volumes, and Pressures
  • Plethysmographic Monitoring
  • Respiratory Rate Monitoring: Apnea Monitoring
  • Imaging for Respiratory Monitoring
  • Point-of-Care Tests
  • Respiratory Monitoring in Special Conditions
  • Automated Data Systems
  • Additional Monitored Variables
  • 38. Renal Pathophysiology and Treatment for Perioperative Ischemia and Nephrotoxic Injury
  • Introduction and Acute Kidney Injury Definitions
  • Pathophysiologic Processes of Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury
  • Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
  • Preoperative Evaluation of Renal Function and Risk Stratification
  • Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms and Treatment
  • Perioperative Blood Pressure and Fluid Management
  • Nephrotoxins and Acute Kidney Injury
  • Renal Replacement Therapy
  • Summary
  • 39. Neuromuscular Monitoring
  • Principles of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
  • Types of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
  • Basic Considerations
  • Sites of Nerve Stimulation and Different Muscle Responses
  • Patterns of Nerve Stimulation
  • Equipment
  • Peripheral Nerve Stimulator
  • Objective Monitors
  • Evaluation of Recorded Evoked Responses
  • Use of Nerve Stimulators in Daily Clinical Practice
  • When to Use a Peripheral Nerve Stimulator
  • 40. Airway Management in the Adult
  • Introduction
  • Algorithms for Management of the Difficult Airway
  • Functional Airway Anatomy
  • Airway Assessment
  • Physiologic Concepts for Airway Management
  • Anesthesia for Airway Management
  • Mask Ventilation
  • Supraglottic Airway
  • Tracheal Intubation
  • Emergency Invasive Airway Access
  • Extubation of the Trachea
  • Dissemination of Critical Airway Information
  • Summary
  • 41. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia
  • Principles
  • Practice
  • Historical Perspectives
  • Anatomy
  • Anatomic Variations
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Physiologic Effects
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Spinal Anesthesia
  • Epidural Anesthesia
  • Combined Spinal–Epidural
  • Caudal Anesthesia
  • Complications
  • Outcomes
  • Recent Advances
  • 42. Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Ultrasound Guidance for Regional Anesthesia
  • Introduction
  • Techniques for Localizing Neural Structures
  • Approaches to Regional Block with Ultrasound
  • Continuous Catheter Techniques
  • Training
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • 43. Perioperative Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
  • Physiology
  • Fluid Pharmacology
  • Clinical Fluid and Electrolyte Management
  • 44. Perioperative Acid–Base Balance
  • Introduction – Why Is Acid–Base Balance Important?
  • What Are Acids and Bases?
  • What Determines the Acidity or Alkalinity of a Solution?
  • Acid–Base Abnormalities
  • Regulation of Acid–Base Balance
  • Analytic Tools Used in Acid–Base Chemistry
  • Acid–Base Problems in Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine
  • Treating Acid–Base Disturbances
  • Summary
  • 45. Patient Blood Management: Transfusion Therapy
  • Evolution and Recent History of Blood Transfusion Therapy
  • Blood Procurement
  • Blood Component Therapy: Indications for Transfusion
  • Synthetic Oxygen-Carrying Substances
  • Autologous Blood
  • Compatibility Testing
  • Maximal Surgical Blood Order Schedule
  • Emergency Transfusion
  • Fresh Whole Blood
  • Complications
  • Citrate Intoxication and Hyperkalemia
  • Temperature
  • Acid–Base Abnormalities
  • Transfusion Reactions
  • Leukoreduction and Irradiation of Blood Transfusions
  • Informed Consent
  • 46. Patient Blood Management: Coagulation
  • Introduction
  • Normal Hemostasis
  • Disorders of Hemostasis
  • Antithrombotics, Thrombolytics, and Procoagulant Drugs
  • Perioperative Management of Anticoagulation
  • Emergent Reversal of Anticoagulants
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • Section IV. Adult Subspecialty Management
  • 47. Management of the Patient with Chronic Pain
  • Introduction
  • Drugs Used for Chronic Pain
  • Interventional Methods Used for Chronic Pain
  • Perioperative Management of Patients with Chronic Pain
  • Acknowledgments
  • 48. Palliative Medicine
  • What Is Palliative Medicine?
  • Where Is Palliative Care Delivered?
  • Differences Between Hospice Care and Palliative Care
  • Anesthetic Concerns in the Patient Receiving Palliative Care
  • Communication
  • Prognosis
  • The Dying Process
  • 49. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
  • Introduction
  • Concomitant Medical Conditions
  • Difficult Endobronchial Intubation
  • Prediction of Desaturation During One-Lung Ventilation
  • Assessment for Repeat Thoracic Surgery
  • Intraoperative Monitoring
  • Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Other Monitoring Technology
  • Indirect Cardiac Output
  • Lung Isolation
  • Difficult Airways and One-Lung Ventilation
  • Management of Lung Isolation for Thoracic Surgery and COVID-19 Patients
  • Lung-Isolation Techniques in Patients with a Tracheostomy in Place
  • Anesthetic Management
  • Management of One-Lung Ventilation
  • Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
  • Ventilation Strategies During OLV
  • Prediction of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation
  • Treatment of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation
  • Anesthetic Management for Common Surgical Procedures
  • Pulmonary Surgery
  • Lobectomy
  • Pneumonectomy
  • Limited Pulmonary Resections: Segmentectomy and Wedge Resection
  • Anesthetic Management for Specific Surgical Procedures
  • Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection
  • Blebs, Bullae, Cysts, and Pneumatoceles
  • Lung Transplantation
  • Pulmonary Hemorrhage
  • Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
  • Bronchopulmonary Lavage
  • Mediastinal Masses
  • Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis
  • Postoperative Management
  • Postoperative Analgesia
  • 50. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgical Procedures
  • Cardiovascular Disease in the 21st Century
  • Evaluation and Monitoring
  • Premedication
  • Induction of Anesthesia
  • The Pre–Cardiopulmonary Bypass Period
  • Onset of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Weaning from Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Termination of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Chest Closure
  • Transport to the Intensive Care Unit
  • The Post-Bypass Period: Common Problems After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Pathophysiology of Coronary Disease
  • On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
  • Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
  • Total Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass
  • Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
  • Mitral Valve Disease
  • Aortic Valve Disease
  • Other Valvular Disease
  • Surgical Management of Heart Failure
  • Heart Failure
  • Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
  • Other Cardiac Procedures
  • 51. Anesthesia for Correction of Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Historical Perspectives
  • Scope of Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Normal Cardiac Rhythm
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Permanent Pacing
  • Resynchronization Therapy
  • Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
  • Correction of Cardiac Arrhythmias with Ablation Therapy
  • Leadless Pacemaker
  • Future Trends
  • 52. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction
  • Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery
  • Endovascular Aortic Repair Surgery
  • Hybrid Arch Repairs
  • Carotid Endarterectomy
  • Endovascular Treatment of Carotid Disease: Carotid Artery Stenting
  • Lower Extremity Revascularization
  • 53. Anesthesia for Neurologic Surgery and Neurointerventions
  • Recurrent Issues in Neuroanesthesia
  • Specific Procedures
  • 54. Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery
  • Obesity as a Disease
  • Nonsurgical Management of Obesity
  • Surgical Management of Obesity
  • Anesthetic Management of the Bariatric Surgical Patient
  • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP®)
  • Considerations for Management of the Obese Patient Presenting for Nonbariatric Surgery
  • 55. Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary Systems
  • Innervation of the Genitourinary System
  • Renal Blood Flow
  • Anesthesia for Patients with Renal Disease
  • Renal and Genitourinary Procedures
  • Postoperative Management of the Patient with Renal Disease
  • 56. Anesthesia for Abdominal Organ Transplantation
  • Kidney Transplantation
  • Pancreas Transplantation
  • Liver Transplantation (LT)
  • Intestinal, Liver–Intestinal, and Multivisceral Transplant
  • Conclusion
  • 57. Anesthesia for Organ Procurement
  • Introduction
  • Management of Organ Donors After Declaration of Brain Death (DBD)
  • Donation After Circulatory (Cardiac) Death (DCD)
  • Extended Criteria Donor
  • Management of Organ Donors Before Procurement
  • Management of Donors After Circulatory Death
  • Management of Organ Donor During Procurement Surgery
  • Management of Living Organ Donors
  • Organ Preservation and Management After Procurement
  • 58. Anesthesia for Obstetrics
  • Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy and Delivery
  • Uteroplacental Physiology
  • Labor Progress
  • Labor Analgesia
  • Anesthesia Considerations for Operative Delivery
  • Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
  • Postcesarean Pain Control and Recovery
  • Complications of Regional Anesthesia
  • Maternal Comorbidities
  • Anesthesia for Malpresentation and External Cephalic Version
  • Obstetric Emergencies
  • Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy
  • 59. Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery and Other Fetal Therapies
  • Indications, Procedures, and Outcomes
  • Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence
  • Preoperative Assessment and Counseling
  • Intraoperative Management and Considerations
  • Postoperative Management and Considerations
  • Management of Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) Procedure
  • Conclusions and Future Considerations
  • 60. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Special Considerations for Conditions Leading to Orthopedic Surgery
  • Orthopedic Procedures in Children with Special Conditions
  • Perioperative Management of the Orthopedic Patient
  • Anesthesia for Spine Surgery
  • 61. Geriatric Anesthesia
  • Organ-Specific Age-Related Physiologic and Pathologic Changes
  • Preoperative Assessment of Older Surgical Patients
  • Intraoperative Management Considerations for Older Adults
  • Postoperative Concerns
  • Outcomes
  • 62. Anesthesia for Trauma
  • Introduction
  • Prioritizing Trauma Care
  • Emergency Airway Management
  • Resuscitation from Hemorrhagic Shock
  • Trauma to the Central Nervous System
  • Orthopedic and Soft Tissue Trauma
  • Other Traumatic Injuries
  • Selected Patient Populations
  • Postoperative Care
  • Summary
  • 63. Prehospital Care for Medical Emergencies and Trauma
  • Background
  • Basic Versus Advanced Life Support (And Beyond)
  • Emergency Medical Technician and Paramedic-Based Emergency Medical Service Systems
  • Primary Survey and Initial Assessment at the Scene
  • Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
  • Respiratory Distress
  • Neurologic Injury and Head Injury
  • Prehospital Trauma
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics
  • Overdose/Toxicology/Environmental Exposure
  • Horizons in Prehospital Care
  • 64. Biologic, Natural, and Human-Induced Disasters: The Role of the Anesthesiologist
  • Introduction
  • Section 1: Natural Disasters
  • Section 2: Acts of Terrorism
  • Section 3: Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, and Nuclear (CBRN) Warfare
  • Section 4: Epidemic and Pandemic Infectious Outbreaks
  • 65. Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery
  • Overview of Ophthalmic Anesthesia
  • Ophthalmic Procedures
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Orbital Blocks
  • Monitored Anesthesia Care
  • General Anesthesia
  • Anesthesia for Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Postoperative Considerations in Ophthalmic Surgery
  • Anesthesia-Related Eye Injuries
  • Conclusion
  • 66. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic and Head–Neck Surgery
  • Synopsis of Ear, Nose, and Throat Anatomy
  • Preoperative Evaluation for Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery
  • Airway Management in Otolaryngology
  • Airway Disorders in Otolaryngology
  • Anesthesia for Panendoscopy
  • Otolaryngologic Trauma
  • Nasal Surgery
  • Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
  • Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
  • Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
  • Airway Fires
  • Ear Surgery
  • Parotid and Other Salivary Gland Surgery
  • Sleep Apnea Surgery
  • Zenker Diverticulum
  • Anesthesia for Surgical Airways: Cricothyrotomy and Tracheostomy
  • Neck Dissection and Laryngectomy
  • Maxillary, Mandibular, and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat Laser Surgery
  • Phonosurgery
  • Head and Neck Flap Reconstructive Surgery
  • Stridor Management
  • Anesthesia for Face Transplantation
  • Conclusion
  • 67. Anesthesia for Robotic Surgery
  • Introduction
  • Advantages of Robotic Surgery
  • Robotically Assisted Intubation
  • Anesthesia for Robotic Surgery: Urology, Gynecology, and Abdominal Surgery
  • Types of Robotic Surgery
  • Summary
  • 68. Ambulatory (Outpatient) Anesthesia
  • Introduction
  • Benefits of Ambulatory Surgery
  • Facilities for Ambulatory Surgery
  • Patient Selection Criteria
  • Preoperative Assessment
  • Patient Preparation
  • Anesthetic Techniques
  • Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia
  • Recovery from Ambulatory Anesthesia
  • Postoperative Pain
  • Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
  • Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS)
  • Special Areas
  • Home Readiness and Beyond
  • 69. Non–Operating Room Anesthesia
  • Overview: Defining Non–Operating Room Anesthesia – What It Is and How We Got Here
  • Transitional Priorities for Anesthesiologists Outside of the Operating Room
  • Gastrointestinal Procedures in the Endoscopy Suite
  • Interventional Pulmonary Procedures
  • Novel Anesthetic Concerns
  • Anesthesiology for Image-Guided Interventions: Evolution of a New Interface
  • Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions: New Challenges
  • Procedures Guided by Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Image-Guided Procedures for Specialty Areas: Neuroradiology and Interventional Cardiology
  • Interventional Echocardiography Anesthesiologists as Co-Proceduralists
  • The Road Ahead: Toward a Comprehensive Strategy
  • 70. Clinical Care in Extreme Environments:: Physiology at High Altitude and in Space
  • Introduction to Altitude and Explanation of Hypobaric Hypoxia and Its Effect on Physiologic Performance
  • Physiologic Responses to Hypoxia/Acclimatization
  • Altitude Illness
  • Special Situations at Altitude
  • Anesthesia at Altitude
  • Space Medicine
  • The Environmental Challenges Posed by Spaceflight
  • Cardiovascular Physiology During Spaceflight
  • Pulmonary Physiology During Spaceflight
  • Musculoskeletal Physiology During Spaceflight
  • Central Nervous System and Psychological Challenges During Spaceflight
  • The Effect of Spaceflight on Other Physiologic Systems (Including the Immune and Gastric Systems)
  • Potential Medical Scenarios During Manned Space Missions
  • Thoughts and Considerations for Anesthetic Provision in Space
  • 71. Clinical Care in Extreme Environments:: High Pressure, Immersion, Drowning, Hypo-, and Hyperthermia
  • Introduction
  • Effects of Increased Gas Pressure
  • Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
  • Physiology of Immersion
  • Drowning
  • Hypothermia
  • Hyperthermia
  • Section V. Pediatric Anesthesia
  • 72. Pediatric Anesthesia
  • Physiological Considerations
  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthetic Drugs
  • Anesthetic Management
  • Anesthetic Management for Specific Pediatric Conditions and Procedures
  • Conclusion
  • 73. Anesthesia for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
  • Unique Features of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Anesthetic Management
  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Postoperative Management
  • Anesthesia for Heart and Lung Transplantation
  • Anesthesia for Closed-Heart Operations
  • Anesthesia for Cardiac Catheterization
  • Adult Congenital Heart Disease
  • Pediatric Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Advances in Resynchronization Therapy
  • Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery
  • Offsite Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery Patients
  • 74. Regional Anesthesia in Children
  • Introduction
  • Indications, Contraindications, and Complications
  • Safety, Precautions, and Discharge Criteria
  • Relevant Differences Between Children and Adults
  • Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics and Additives
  • General Technique and Equipment Consideration
  • Specific Regional Techniques
  • 75. Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care
  • Relationship Between the Intensive Care Unit and the Operating Room
  • Family Partnered Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
  • Disclosure of Medical Errors
  • Organization of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Common Cardiovascular Disease States
  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology
  • Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
  • Hypertension
  • Neonatal Resuscitation
  • Phases of Resuscitation
  • Interventions During the Cardiac Arrest (No Flow) and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Low Flow)
  • Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction
  • Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia in Children
  • Respiratory System
  • Central Nervous System
  • Renal System
  • Endocrine System
  • Gastrointestinal System
  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunity and Infection
  • Pediatric Trauma
  • Section VI. Postoperative Care
  • 76. The Postanesthesia Care Unit
  • Admission to the Postanesthesia Care Unit
  • The Standards for Postanesthesia Care
  • Early Postoperative Physiologic Changes
  • Transport to the Postanesthesia Care Unit
  • Upper Airway Obstruction
  • Management of Upper Airway Obstruction
  • Differential Diagnosis of Arterial Hypoxemia in the Postanesthesia Care Unit
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Monitoring and Treatment of Hypoxemia
  • Oxygen Delivery Systems
  • Hemodynamic Instability
  • Myocardial Ischemia: Evaluation and Treatment
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Renal Dysfunction
  • Postoperative Hypothermia and Shivering
  • Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
  • Delirium
  • Emergence Excitement
  • Delayed Awakening
  • Discharge Criteria
  • Infection Control
  • Postoperative Management of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
  • Immediate Postoperative Care of Craniotomies
  • Potentially Devastating Visual Complications
  • Future Considerations
  • Summary
  • 77. Acute Postoperative Pain
  • Fundamental Considerations
  • Systemic Analgesic Techniques
  • Regional Analgesic Techniques (see also Chapters 41 and 42Chapter 41Chapter 42)
  • Other Techniques
  • Postoperative Analgesia in Special Populations
  • Inpatient Pain Services
  • 78. Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
  • Introduction
  • Clinical Overview
  • Nomenclature and Assessment of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
  • Measurement and Diagnosis of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
  • Risk Factors and Perioperative Management
  • Mechanisms of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
  • What Should We Tell Patients about PNDs?
  • Future Directions
  • Section VII. Critical Care Medicine
  • 79. Critical Care Anesthesiology
  • Introduction
  • Intensive Care Unit Structure and Management
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Lung-Protective Ventilation
  • Sepsis and Shock
  • Hemodynamic Resuscitation in Shock
  • Care for Patients Receiving Cancer Immunotherapy in the Intensive Care Unit
  • COVID-19 Pandemic
  • Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Critical Care
  • Cardiac Critical Care Medicine and Mechanical Circulatory Support
  • Conclusion
  • 80. Neurocritical Care
  • Intracranial Physiology and Cerebrovascular Autoregulation
  • General Cardiopulmonary Considerations
  • Fluids, Electrolytes, Blood Glucose Concentration
  • Temperature Control
  • Monitoring
  • Common Diseases in the Neurocritical Care Unit
  • Postoperative Neurosurgical Care
  • Brain Death
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Conclusion
  • 81. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiac Devices
  • Introduction
  • History of Extracorporeal Cardiorespiratory Support
  • ECMO for Respiratory Failure (VV ECMO)
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Patients Awaiting and Undergoing Lung Transplantation
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  • ECMO for Circulatory Failure (VA ECMO)
  • The Ethics of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • The Mechanics of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Vascular Access for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Monitoring on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Anticoagulation
  • Therapeutic Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin
  • Weaning from Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Complications of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • The Anesthesiologist’s Role in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • 82. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support
  • Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Recognition and Management of Specific Arrhythmias
  • Postresuscitation Interventions
  • Pediatric Resuscitation
  • Future of Resuscitation Science and Care
  • Section VIII. Ancillary Responsibilities and Problems
  • 83. Burn Management
  • Introduction
  • Pathophysiology
  • Hemodynamic Alterations
  • Inhalation Injury
  • Acute Management
  • Estimation of Size and Depth of Burn Injury
  • Fluid Resuscitation
  • Electrical Injury
  • Chemical Burns
  • Cold Injury
  • Stevens–Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
  • Special Considerations
  • Infection Control
  • Metabolic Considerations
  • Nutrition
  • Anesthetic Management
  • Postoperative Care
  • Pain Management
  • Conclusion
  • 84. Occupational Safety, Infection Control, and Substance Use Disorders
  • Physical Exposures
  • Infectious Exposures
  • Substance Use Disorders
  • Fatigue
  • 85. Emergency Preparedness in Health Care
  • Introduction
  • Background
  • The Scope of the Challenge to Society
  • The Special Challenge to Health Care
  • The Cascade Effect
  • Planning, Coordination, and Mitigation
  • CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule
  • 86. Clinical Research
  • Introduction
  • Key Principles
  • Study Design
  • Study Protocol
  • Ethical and Regulatory Considerations
  • Study Management
  • Study Reporting
  • Reflection, Feedback, and Forward Planning
  • 87. Interpreting the Medical Literature
  • Introduction
  • The Publication Process
  • Accessing the Medical Literature
  • Assessing the Methodology of a Study
  • Tools to Ensure Study Quality
  • Interpreting the Analysis of a Study
  • The Dark Side of the Medical Literature
  • Conclusions
  • Index